Articles from rubric: «Population and health»

    2023
  • 2023 № 7 Urban infrastructure design as a significant means of shaping public health.

    The article discusses the importance of urban infrastructure design in ensuring public health.
    Relevance. The growing level of urbanization of territories, the growth of cities and the formation of the urban environment currently provide relevance in the search for means to strengthen and maintain the health of the population at the proper level. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to form an eco-friendly, health-saving space that will have all the necessary resources to achieve comfort in the lives of urban residents.
    The purpose of the study is to analysis of the directions and methods of creating urban infrastructure design that have an impact on environmental and health-oriented characteristics of the external environment.
    The subject of the study is a health-oriented urban space.
    Research methods. The analysis of scientific information on this topic, the synthesis of opinions, statistical analysis, the method of graphical data transmission is carried out.
    Results. Thus, the conducted research has shown the importance of ensuring a safe urban space, eco-friendly and practical infrastructure design in ensuring public health.
    Conclusions. The health-oriented characteristics of urban space are the key to the successful development of sustainable urban indicators and the full socio-economic development of our country.
    The scope of the results. The results of the conducted research will be reflected in the development of such topics in the scientific healthcare system.

    Authors: Rotov V. M. [1]

    Tags: design3 healthy cities1 sports1 urban environment1 urban health1

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  • 2022
  • 2022 № 6 Risk-Based Approaches to Endoscopic Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal tract сancer in the medical organizations of primary healthcare (on the example of GAUZ SO GB № 1, Nizhny Tagil)

    Early detection of gastrointestinal cancer is an actual public health problem. The implementation of the modern endoscopic diagnostic methods based on the progressive digital technologies significantly reduce the risks of diagnostic errors and contributes to the effective solution of that problem.
    P u r p o s e : to clarify the possibilities of the early detection of gastrointestinal cancer by equipping the endoscopy unit of the city district hospital with the modern digital endoscopes, including devices with zoom functions – ZOOM.
    M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The article analyzes the statistical data of the work of the endoscopy unit of Nizniy Tagil State city hospital № 1 from 2013 to 2022 (except 2020–21, when the hospital was completely redesigned as a COVID-hospital).
    R e s u l t s . A clear relationship between the increase in the number of detected oncopathologies of the gastrointestinal tract and the modern technical equipment of the endoscopic units under the modernization of primary health care program in the Sverdlovsk region in 2021 is presented. Based on risk-based approaches and evidence-based medicine data, the importance expert-class equipment in the routine endoscopic practice in the primary healthcare district hospital for diagnosing gastrointestinal cancer at an early stage is shown. Modern approaches to optical endoscopic diagnostics are analyzed, as well as the potential risks of diagnostic errors associated with technical equipment and possible measures to reduce these risks for further improvement of primary endoscopic diagnostics aimed at detecting gastrointestinal cancer in the early stages are determined, the expediency of equipping endoscopic units of primary care medical organizations with endoscopes inreached magnification functions – ZOOM, as well as photo and video
    recording of digital images with the possibility of archiving, color printing and further expert analysis of endoscopic images.
    C o n s e q u e n c e . From the presented statistical data, it is clearly seen how with the improvement of the equipment quality, the detection of gastrointestinal cancer of various localizations is growing.

    Authors: Starodubov V. I. [40] Ivantsova M. A. [1] Khain V. V. [1] Pavlovskikh A. Yu. [1]

    Tags: colonoscope1 colorectal cancer1 early cancer1 endoscopy2 esophageal cancer1 gastroscope1 oncopathology of the gastrointestinal tract1 stomach cancer1 zoom1

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  • 2022 № 6 Peculiarities of the quality of life of students, including with disturbances in physical development, under the conditions of the COVID‑19 pandemic

    In the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic, student youth are facing significant adverse impacts that affect the state of physical and mental health, as well as changes in quality of life indicators. Factors such as the sudden transition of students to online learning, the closure of hostels, limited access to public spaces, an increase in morbidity in the close environment, the manifestation of fears and phobias had a negative impact. Students have irregular meals, limited access to good nutrition, increased time spent in front of the monitor, less opportunities for physical activity and associated significant changes in physical parameters, namely obesity, an increase in body mass index weight.
    Materials and methods: bibliographic, socio-hygienic, sociological, statistical, analytical methods were used in the work.
    Findings. Analysis of the results of the study made it possible to establish: a) the average level of the physical component of students’ health is higher than the psychological one; the indicator of the physical component of health, corresponding to the norm, was observed in 70.7% of students; psychological – in 63.4% of students; no statistically significant relationship was found between the physical and psychological components of students’ health; b) in terms of the physical and psychological components of health, the largest percentage of respondents with a norm was noted among students with a lack of body weight; a low level of the physical component of health is much more common in the group of students with excess body weight, compared with the other studied groups

    Authors: Mingazova E. N. [27] Gureev S.  A. [7] Mingazov R. N. [11]

    Tags: deficiency and excess of body weight2 disorders in physical development1 quality of life7 students5

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  • 2020
  • 2020 № 10 The evaluation of epidemiology and the availability of medical care for patients with retina diseases in the Russian Federation

    Retinal diseases are significant causes of blindness and vision loss and they take the second place in the structure
    of disabilities due to blindness in Russia. Objective: analysis of the official statistical data on the disease and availability
    of health care to patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) that are prescribed intravitreal injection of drugs (IVD) as the first-line therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema, respectively. Materials and methods: Epidemiological parameters were assessed by the data obtained from the form of statistical records № 12 for 2018–2019 years. The availability of IVD was analyzed by the information registered in the form of statistical records № 14 for 2016–2019 with a recalculation per 1000 population. Results: In 2019 in the Russian Federation 330 thousand patients with AMD were registered (0.45% among the population older than 40 years old). The incidence rate was significantly lower than in other countries (8.69%). The data on the number of patients with DR was unavailable for statistical recording because of the absence of the code Н36.0 IDC‑10 in form № 12. However, according to the federal register of diabetes mellitus, the total rate of DR can reach 760 thousand people all over Russia.
    The availability of IVD for all-day inpatient health care was 0.39 injections per 1000 population. In 26 subjects of the
    Russian Federation, the availability was higher than the average in Russia, while in the rest 59 subjects, the availability
    was lower than the average. Presently, there are no data on the number of IVD performed in day-time inpatient facilities.
    Conclusions: The current rate of application of IVD in Russia can be estimated as low considering the revealed problems
    with the registration and accounting of patients with AMD and DR. It is impossible to perform a complete evaluation of the availability of IVD for the Russian population within obligatory medical health insurance because of the lack of data on the provision of IVD in day-time inpatient facilities. For the rational planning of the volumes of medical care provision to patients with AMD and DR, the form of statistical records should include the data on the indication of IVD in the day-time inpatient facilities in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

    Authors: Son I. M. [39] Laricheva I. V. [3] Yastrebova E. S. [2] Neroev V. V. [1] Zaitseva O. V. [1] Mikhailova L. A. [1]

    Tags: age-related macular degeneration1 angiogenesis inhibitors1 diabetic retinopathy3 epidemiology3 federal statistics1 forms of federal statistical observation1 intravitreal injection of drugs1 retinal diseases1

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  • 2020 № 10 Self-assessment of health and satisfaction with medical care by country people of age 60+ of the Kaliningrad region

    With age the state of health worsens, it is necessary to see doctors more often. Availability and quality of the
    provided medical care, a set of medical services can differ depending on the place of its rendering. The work purpose – to study a self-assessment of a zdorovyapatsiyentama of age 60+ of rural out-patient clinic of the Zelenograd district of the Kaliningrad region and their relation to the organization of the primary health care (PHC) and satisfaction with it. Survey among 211 patients of rural medical out-patient clinic aged from 60 up to 88 years, within the project of Partnership “Northern measurement” in the field of health care and social wellbeing is conducted (further in the text – the Project). The factors offered in the questionnaire having the greatest impact on health, according to patients, and satisfaction with the PHC organization are studied. The patients living in rural areas often visit the medical organizations with the medical and diagnostic and advisory purposes, pay attention to medical examination passing that can testify to an active position of the general practitioner working in the Project as in answers about the factors having the greatest impact on health, questions of prevention at poll got the last place. The satisfaction with the PHC organization made in general 3.6 points on a five-point system.

    Authors: Shikina I. B. [3] Chukhrienko I. Yu. [2] Zadorkina T. G. [1] Mikhaylov I. A. [1] Elizov I. A. [2]

    Tags: country people2 health self-assessment1 patients of age 60+1 primary health care19 satisfaction with medical care3 sociological research3

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  • 2020 № 10 The modern problem of infant mortality in the Russian Federation, an integrated approach to reduction on the example of the Republic of Ingushetia

    Infant mortality is an important indicator of the social well-being of society and reflects the state of the national health system as a whole.
    According to official statistics, the infant mortality rate in the Russian Federation has reached a significant decrease in recent years, but in comparison with the leading countries of the world it still remains high.
    The study found that in the Russian Federation infant mortality has a territorial differentiation, which indicates different policies of the executive authorities of the regions in the direction related to the reduction of infant mortality.
    The review article contains data on the dynamics of infant mortality in the Republic of Ingushetia and other republics of the North Caucasus Federal District. A significant decrease in the infant mortality rate in the Republic of Ingushetia is shown as a result of the effective interaction of state authorities at all levels. The need for an integrated approach in the system of management decisions for the development of the perinatal service in the regions of the Russian Federation has been proved.

    Authors: Ugurchieva H. U. [1]

    Tags: infant mortality2 medical-demographic indicators1 public health8

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  • 2019
  • 2019 № 9 The dynamics of the components of the changes in the life expectancy of the population of the Krasnoyarsk territory

    The aim of the study was a component analysis of mortality in the Krasnoyarsk region for the period from 1999 to 2017. To conduct a component analysis, we used depersonalized databases of all registered deaths in the Krasnoyarsk region from 1999 to 2017 and data on the average annual population for this period. E. M. Andreeva and E. E. Arriaga methods were used as a methodology of component analysis. The results of the component analysis allowed to establish a positive contribution of mortality changes in the dynamics of life expectancy of the population of the Krasnoyarsk territory in almost all age groups, with the exception of women in the age group 35–39, where there was a slight negative contri¬bution. For the period from 1999 to 2017 negative contribution to the dynamics of life expectancy has made changes in mortality from such causes as: diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism diseases of the nervous system and diseases of the digestive system, and diseases of the skin and subcuta¬neous tissue. At the same time, the greatest negative contribution among all categories of the population was made by the change in mortality from diseases of the nervous system. The results can be used in the formation of short-term health development programs to increase life expectancy.

    Authors: Kurbanismailov R. B. [3] Narkevich A. N. [3] Vinogradov K. A. [3] Mironova A. A. [2] Paraskevopulo K. M. [1]

    Tags: causes of death1 component analysis1 life expectancy1 mortality21 priority direction1

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  • 2019 № 9 Features of the medical and demographic process in the Kostroma region as a region of Central Russia

    Based on the official statistics from Rosstat, the article presents the results of the analysis of the medical and demographic process using the example of the Kostroma region taking into account the general trend in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including the dynamics of the population, the main demographic indicators of mortality and fertility, and indicators of natural population movement.

    Authors: Mingazova E. N. [27] Schepin V. O. [1] Zhelezova P. V. [3]

    Tags: medical-demographic process1 population birth rate1 population depopulation1 population mortality.1

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  • 2019 № 8 Health condition of a rural population living in different areas of medical aid accessibility

    The problem of preserving the health of the rural population is key in the concept of the development of
    rural society. Health issues of rural residents are of great social, political and economic importance. Promising areas for
    preserving and improving the health of the rural population are raising the level and quality of life of the rural population.
    Research methods: statistical, direct observation, sociological. In the course of the study, the analysis of the reporting data of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Form No. 47) was conducted, as well as the results of copying information from primary medical documentation in the pilot territory of the Orenburg Region.The results of the study indicate the need to improve the improvement of organizational forms of providing medical care to rural residents, intensify preventive and dispensary work in the village, and involve medical and social services in the village. The determining factors of public health are the lifestyle of the rural population, the financing of health care and the system of social protection of the population, the development of the agro-industrial complex that provides employment to the population. The analysis shows the need to improve the availability of care, medical activity, valeological literacy of the rural population and commitment to a healthy lifestyle, especially for residents living in the service area of the FAP.

    Authors: Kalininskaya A. A. [15] Sulkina F. A. [3] Muftakhova A. V. [2] Bayanova N. A. [4]

    Tags: district hospital (rb)1 healthy lifestyle5 obstetric point (fap)1 opinion polls1 rural population5

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  • 2019 № 2 Dynamics of morbidity indicators during the reform of the Health Care System of the Russian Federation from 2006 to 2016

    Over the past 10 years, it has been possible to achieve positive changes in a number of indicators of public health and resource provision of the health care system. Modernization and reform of the health care system of the Russian Federation today is still not completed and is in the process of implementation. With the aim to study the changes in the state of health of the population against the background of the reform of the health care system of the Russian Federation, taking place in 2006–2016 was used the method of continuous observation based on the forms of state statistical observation. The study showed that over 10 years the death rate of the population decreased by 13%. If in 2006, 2,166,703 people died, then in 2016, 1,891,015 people died. Over 10 years, the life expectancy of Russians has increased by more than 5 years and in 2016 it has exceeded 71.9 years, reaching 77 for women and 66.5 years for men. The analysis of the morbidity over a ten-year period showed a tendency to increase. Thus, the rate of growth of incidence was 3%, and a prevalence of 7%. At the same time, the incidence increased in all Federal Districts, except Central Federal Districts. Over the past ten years, the prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders has decreased by 19%, infectious and parasitic diseases by 17%, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue by 8%. The main line of development of health care system was chosen the strengthening of its preventive orientation, with the primary development of mass and cost-effective community-based forms of activity. In general, the reform of the Health Care System over the past 10 years has had a positive impact on the health status of the Russian population in all age groups.

    Authors: Leonov S. A. [14] Kuraeva V. M. [2] Savina A. A. [2] M. Son [1] Feyginova S. I. [1]

    Tags: daly3 incidence4 prevalence6 reforming.1 trends2

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