Articles with tag: «social factors»
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2023 № 9 The referral of children to medical organizations as a criterion for the medical activity of parents.
An important component of the lifestyle of the population is medical activity, which plays a significant role in maintaining and strengthening the health of not only the adult population, but also children.
Purpose of the study: evaluation of the influence of the social characteristics of families in the Chechen Republic on the appeal of children to medical organizations.
Materials and methods. The collections “The incidence of the Russian child population (0–14 years old) with a diagnosis established for the first time in life” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Central Research Institute of Health and Human Health for 2017–2021 were analyzed. A subjective assessment of children’s referral to medical organizations was carried out on the basis of the results of a survey of 536 parents, which was carried out using the «Questionnaire of the parents of a child under the age of 7 years»
in 2021 in 9 districts of the Chechen Republic. Mathematical data processing was carried out using spreadsheets of the MS Office‑2016 software package (Word, Excel) and the StatSoft-Statistica 10.0 statistical software package.
Results. Primary morbidity, according to the data on the appealability of the children’s population of the Chechen Republic, is 3.7 times lower than the national average. The number of children in the family, the education of the parents and the financial situation of the family influence the number of children in the family. In families with 5 or more children, parents are less medically active in terms of seeking medical care than in families with 1–2 children and 3–4 children (p<0.05). Families where the mother or father have an incomplete secondary education compared to families where the father or mother has a complete secondary or higher education, including incomplete higher education, parents are significantly more likely to show less medical activity (p<0.01). Families where the funds for the normal
material support of the child are not fully enough or not enough at all, more often do not seek medical help or seek medical help only in case of a serious illness of the child, compared with financially secure families (p <0.01). The medical activity of parents is not affected by the age of the parents, family residence in the city or countryside, whether the child is organized or not, and he is also brought up in a family where mothers work or are housewives (p> 0.05).
Conclusion. One of the most significant subjective reasons for low attendance to medical organizations in the event of a child’s illness is the low medical activity of parents, which largely depends on the social characteristics of the family. Families with 5 children or more, families where one of the parents has an incomplete secondary education, and families with a low financial situation are more likely to show poor medical care.
Scope of the results. Development of organizational measures aimed at improving the quality and availability of medical care in organizations of the children’s healthcare system. -
2022 № 3 Global social challenges in infertility problems
The problem of infertility remains a global problem of mankind according to WHO and today, infertility affects about 10–
25% of couples of reproductive age worldwide, estimates vary from 48 to 186 million. When developing recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of infertility in 2020, WHO did not revise the definition of infertility given in 2009, together with the International Monitoring Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) in the “Glossary of Definitions of Infertility and Treatment of Infertility”, where infertility is considered a disease reproductive system, defined as the inability to achieve clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected intercourse. The same is the definition of male and female infertility in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD11). Higher rates of infertility are found in less developed countries/regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, North Africa/Middle East, Central/Eastern Europe and Central Asia. At the same time, the researchers note that geographical differences in the level of infertility are associated with environmental, cultural and social factors. The etiology of infertility has different epidemiological characteristics depending on the region.
Purpose: to review foreign scientific literature containing information on the prevalence of infertility in countries around the world, the role of social factors in its formation, and the availability of treatment assistance.
Materials and methods: bibliographic, information-analytical methods and methods of comparative analysis.
Results: in modern research in the field of studying the social factors of childlessness, special attention is paid to the description and clustering of groups of childless women. The global problem of infertility is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes, financial hardship, severe social stigma, increased risk of domestic violence, and marital instability. It has been shown that women with less than secondary education are less likely to seek help for infertility treatment than women with higher education. In high-income countries, immigrant women, uninsured women are less likely to have access to fertility treatment, and they are less informed about their rights, even if they seek treatment at a later age.
Findings. Geographic differences in the prevalence of infertility in different countries are largely determined by social factors. The study of social factors of infertility in women showed that infertility is associated with a low quality of life. Although the likelihood of infertility in men and women is the same, and male infertility is responsible for more than half of all childlessness in the world, infertility remains primarily a social burden for women, especially in pronatalist societies. Women from wealthy backgrounds are more likely to have access to quality fertility treatment.